尾腔綱

尾腔綱
	Anterior 1.4 mm of a fixed and stained specimen of Falcidens sp.
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	尾腔綱 Caudofoveata
科及屬
	見內文

尾腔亞綱（學名：Caudofoveata，亦作Chaetodermomorpha）是動物界軟體動物門之下無板綱下的一個亞綱^[1]。

解剖

尾腔綱物種有細小（1-30 mm）的體型，是一类主要在深海生活的軟體動物。這些動物的身體就像蟲子，沒有外殻、骨板或肉足之類具特徵的身體部份，只是有鱗片或鈣質的骨片（英语：sclerite），以幫助移動。

生態

尾腔綱物種通過在軟泥沙挖掘出洞穴而在裡面居住，進食時會垂直躺在沉積物中只露出口器，吞吃在附近通過的有機碎屑。在有性生殖過程中，雌性產卵受精和育卵，直至幼蟲時就可自由游動。

食性

本綱物種以有孔蟲（foramanifera）為食^[2]。

分類

本綱物種過往常與溝腹綱（Solenogastres）合稱為无板纲（Aplacophora），但有其他文獻指無板綱乃並系群^[3]。

過往當生物分類學純綷以形態學為分類準則之時，無板綱物種曾被以為跟海參同類，這一點可在1987年之前的分類中看見。從1987年起，無板綱得到確認為軟體動物門一個獨立的綱。當時的无板纲由兩個群組成，分別為^[4]：

溝腹亞綱（Solenogastres）：亦作新月贝目，WoRMS把本分類提至綱級^[5]^[6]。
尾腔亞綱（Caudofoveata）：亦作毛皮贝目，同樣地WoRMS亦把本分類提至綱級^[7]

這兩個群最初以為只是並系群，但近年的分子數據支持兩個群是單系群的論說^[8]^[9]。而從分子數據及化石的分析，無板綱很大可能是從多板纲演化，只是後來這些「板」都退化了^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]。後來溝腹亞綱和尾腔亞綱都升格至綱級。

現時本綱包括六個科、15個屬、約150個物種，分別如下：

Chaetodermatidae Théel, 1875^[13]
- Caudofoveatus D. Ivanov, 1981：WoRMS認為本屬是Chaetoderma的異名^[14]。
- Chaetoderma
Falcidentidae：WoRMS認為本科是Chaetodermatidae的異名^[7]。
- Falcidens
- Furcillidens
- Lepoderma：WoRMS認為本屬是Falcidens的異名^[13]。
Limifossoridae
- Limifossor
Metachaetodermatidae
- Metachaetoderma
Prochaetodermatidae
- Chevroderma
- Claviderma
- Lonchoderma
- Niteomica
- Prochaetoderma
- Spathoderma
Scutopodidae
- Psilodens
- Scutopus

參考文獻

^ 張文誠. 「累贅？瑰寶？」－淺談營建工地的「貝」如何化「贅」為「寶」. [2017-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-16）（中文（繁體））.
^ Guralnick, R.; Smith, K. Historical and biomechanical analysis of integration and dissociation in molluscan feeding, with special emphasis on the true limpets (Patellogastropoda: Gastropoda). Journal of Morphology. 1999, 241 (2): 175–195. PMID 10420163. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199908)241:2<175::AID-JMOR7>3.0.CO;2-0.
^ Giribet, G.; Okusu, A.; Lindgren, A. R.; Huff, S. W.; Schrödl, M.; Nishiguchi, M. K. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: monoplacophorans are related to chitons, A (Free full text). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006-05, 103 (20): 7723–7728 [2017-07-03]. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7723G. PMC 1472512  . PMID 16675549. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103. （原始内容存档于2019-12-15）.
^ Gonzalo Giribet, Akiko Okusu, Annie R. Lindgren, Stephanie W. Huff, Michael Schrödl, Michele K. Nishiguchi. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: Monoplacophorans are related to chitons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006-05-16, 103 (20): 7723–7728 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103.
^ Solenogastres. WoRMS. [2015-03-21].
^ Gegenbaur, C. Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie. Zweite verbesswerte Auflage.. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. 1878: 135 [2017-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）（德语）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Caudofoveata. WoRMS. [2015-03-21].
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Kevin M. Kocot, Johanna T. Cannon, Christiane Todt, Mathew R. Citarella, Andrea B. Kohn, Achim Meyer, Scott R. Santos, Christoffer Schander, Leonid L. Moroz, Bernhard Lieb, Kenneth M. Halanych. Phylogenomics reveals deep molluscan relationships. Nature. 2011/09, 477 (7365): 452–456 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature10382. （原始内容存档于2018-05-29）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Stephen A. Smith, Nerida G. Wilson, Freya E. Goetz, Caitlin Feehery, Sónia C. S. Andrade, Greg W. Rouse, Gonzalo Giribet, Casey W. Dunn. Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools. Nature. 2011/12, 480 (7377): 364–367 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature10526. （原始内容存档于2019-04-07）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
^ Julia D. Sigwart, Mark D. Sutton. Deep molluscan phylogeny: synthesis of palaeontological and neontological data. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2007-10-07, 274 (1624): 2413–2419 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0701. （原始内容存档于2018-06-01）（英语）.
^ Scheltema, A.H. Aplacophora as Progenetic Aculiferans and the Coelomate Origin of Mollusks as the Sister Taxon of Sipuncula. The Biological Bulletin. 1 February 1993, (184): 57–78. JSTOR 1542380.
^ Jakob Vinther, Erik A. Sperling, Derek E. G. Briggs, Kevin J. Peterson. A molecular palaeobiological hypothesis for the origin of aplacophoran molluscs and their derivation from chiton-like ancestors. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2012-04-07, 279 (1732): 1259–1268 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1773. （原始内容存档于2018-04-17）（英语）.
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Bouchet, Philippe. Chaetodermatidae Théel, 1875. WoRMS. 2010-11-10 [2017-07-10].
^ Caudofoveatus D. Ivanov, 1981. WoRMS. 2010-11-10 [2017-07-04].

外部連結

[shellclass_17-1] 張文誠. 「累贅？瑰寶？」－淺談營建工地的「貝」如何化「贅」為「寶」. [2017-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-16）（中文（繁體））.

[Guralnick-2] Guralnick, R.; Smith, K. Historical and biomechanical analysis of integration and dissociation in molluscan feeding, with special emphasis on the true limpets (Patellogastropoda: Gastropoda). Journal of Morphology. 1999, 241 (2): 175–195. PMID 10420163. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199908)241:2<175::AID-JMOR7>3.0.CO;2-0.

[pnas-3] Giribet, G.; Okusu, A.; Lindgren, A. R.; Huff, S. W.; Schrödl, M.; Nishiguchi, M. K. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: monoplacophorans are related to chitons, A (Free full text). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006-05, 103 (20): 7723–7728 [2017-07-03]. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7723G. PMC 1472512  . PMID 16675549. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103. （原始内容存档于2019-12-15）.

[4] Gonzalo Giribet, Akiko Okusu, Annie R. Lindgren, Stephanie W. Huff, Michael Schrödl, Michele K. Nishiguchi. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: Monoplacophorans are related to chitons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006-05-16, 103 (20): 7723–7728 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103.

[WoRMS_2094-5] Solenogastres. WoRMS. [2015-03-21].

[Gegenbaur_1878-6] Gegenbaur, C. Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie. Zweite verbesswerte Auflage.. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. 1878: 135 [2017-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）（德语）.

[WoRMS_151365-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Caudofoveata. WoRMS. [2015-03-21].

[kocot2011-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Kevin M. Kocot, Johanna T. Cannon, Christiane Todt, Mathew R. Citarella, Andrea B. Kohn, Achim Meyer, Scott R. Santos, Christoffer Schander, Leonid L. Moroz, Bernhard Lieb, Kenneth M. Halanych. Phylogenomics reveals deep molluscan relationships. Nature. 2011/09, 477 (7365): 452–456 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature10382. （原始内容存档于2018-05-29）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

[smith2011-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Stephen A. Smith, Nerida G. Wilson, Freya E. Goetz, Caitlin Feehery, Sónia C. S. Andrade, Greg W. Rouse, Gonzalo Giribet, Casey W. Dunn. Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools. Nature. 2011/12, 480 (7377): 364–367 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature10526. （原始内容存档于2019-04-07）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

[sigwart2007-10] Julia D. Sigwart, Mark D. Sutton. Deep molluscan phylogeny: synthesis of palaeontological and neontological data. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2007-10-07, 274 (1624): 2413–2419 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0701. （原始内容存档于2018-06-01）（英语）.

[scheltema1993-11] Scheltema, A.H. Aplacophora as Progenetic Aculiferans and the Coelomate Origin of Mollusks as the Sister Taxon of Sipuncula. The Biological Bulletin. 1 February 1993, (184): 57–78. JSTOR 1542380.

[vinther2012-12] Jakob Vinther, Erik A. Sperling, Derek E. G. Briggs, Kevin J. Peterson. A molecular palaeobiological hypothesis for the origin of aplacophoran molluscs and their derivation from chiton-like ancestors. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2012-04-07, 279 (1732): 1259–1268 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1773. （原始内容存档于2018-04-17）（英语）.

[WoRMS_2089-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Bouchet, Philippe. Chaetodermatidae Théel, 1875. WoRMS. 2010-11-10 [2017-07-10].

[WoRMS_545010-14] Caudofoveatus D. Ivanov, 1981. WoRMS. 2010-11-10 [2017-07-04].

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