校园性侵
校園性侵(Campus sexual assault)是學生在學院或大學時所遭到的性侵犯(包括强奸)[1]。其受侵犯者多半是女性,不過任何性別都可能是性侵的對象。校園性侵的比例依照不同的定義以及研究方法而有不同,大約是每年一千名學生中,約有6.1位會受到性侵[2],而有19–27%的大學女性及6–8%的大學男性在大學中曾遭到性侵[3][4][5]。有關同年齡學生和非學生的性侵風險比較,目前沒有相關證據[6][7]。
有許多人認為學校在面對受到性侵的女性時,對這些女性的支持不力。美國教育部因應這些指控,寫了一封信《親愛的同事》給各大學,建議學術機構用各種方式來減少校園性侵的人數[8]。有些法律專家擔心這可能會增加被指控者受到霸凌的風險[9]。在學校的規定改變之後,已有男性指出訴訟,指控校方有偏見,並且影響他們的權利[10]。
相關條目
- 學術界的霸凌
- 校園問責和安全法
- 杜克大學長曲棍球隊案,杜克大學學生被控性侵的案件,案件後來撤銷,被告無罪
- 《The Hunting Ground》2015年有關美國校园性侵議題的紀錄片
- 性侵犯受害者的性侵後治療
- 美國的強姦情形
- 《A Rape on Campus》,一個指控維吉尼亞大學內輪姦的雜誌報導,後來發現報導內容不實,報導遭到撤回
- 安全校園法
- 教育體系中的性騷擾
- 對女性的暴力行為
- 针对男性的暴力行为
- 校警
參考資料
- ^ Sexual Assault | OVW | Department of Justice. www.justice.gov. 2014-07-23 [2017-03-24]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-10) (英语).
- ^ Sinozich, Sofi; Langton, Lynn. Rape and Sexual Assault Victimization Among College-Age Females, 1995–2013. U.S. Department of Justice. [2015-01-15]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-18).
- ^ The Campus Sexual Assault Survey (PDF). National Institute of Justice. [2015-01-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-10).
- ^ Anderson, Nick. Survey: More than 1 in 5 female undergrads at top schools suffer sexual attacks. Washington Post. 2015-09-21 [2015-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- ^ Report on the AAU Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct (PDF): 82. 2015-09-21 [2015-11-27]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-03-27).
- ^ Baum, Katrina. Violent Victimization of College Students. US Department of Justice. [2015-01-26]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-13).
- ^ Muehlenhard, Charlene L.; Peterson, Zoe D.; Humphreys, Terry P.; Jozkowski, Kristen N. Evaluating the One-in-Five Statistic: Women’s Risk of Sexual Assault While in College. The Journal of Sex Research. 2017-05-16, 54 (4) [2019-08-13]. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1295014. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09).
- ^ Dear Colleague Letter. United States Department of Education. 2011-04-04 [2019-08-15]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-09).
- ^ "Rethink Harvard's sexual harassment policy (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)", The Boston Globe2014=10-14.
- ^ Schow, Ashe, "Backlash: College men challenge 'guilty until proven innocent' standard for sex assault cases (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)", Washington Examiner, 2014-08-11 | Other Sources:
- Van Zuylen-Wood, Simon. Expelled Swarthmore Student Sues College Over Sexual Assault Allegations. Philadelphia. 2014-02-11 [2019-08-15]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-30).
- Parra, Esteban. DSU student who was cleared of rape charges sues school. The News Journal. 2013-12-07 [2019-08-15]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-23).
延伸閱讀
- Bain, Kristen. Rape culture on Campus. off our backs. 2002-10, 32 (9–10): 26–27. JSTOR 20837660.
- Armstrong, Elizabeth A.; Hamilton, Laura; Sweeney, Brian. Sexual assault on campus: a multilevel, integrative approach to party rape. Social Problems. 2006-11, 53 (4): 483–499. JSTOR 10.1525/sp.2006.53.4.483. doi:10.1525/sp.2006.53.4.483.
- Gibbard Cook, Sarah. Sarah Fernandez (interviewee) Mark Houlemarde (interviewee). How to progress from a rape-supportive culture. Women in Higher Education. 2012-07, 21 (7): 19–20. doi:10.1002/whe.10348.
- Giraldi, Ashley; Monk-Turner, Elizabeth. Perception of rape culture on a college campus: A look at social media posts. Women's Studies International Forum. 2017-05, 62: 116–124. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2017.05.001.