強交互作用粒子

強交互作用粒子（Strongly interacting massive particles，縮寫 SIMPs），是一種彼此間以強力作用的假設粒子。在碰撞星系阿貝爾 3827，它們似乎是被散射而看起來落後於普通物質的暗物質。儘管與普通物質有微弱的作用，它們還是被推斷可能是暗物質^[1]。然而，自那發現之後，根據對群集的進一步觀測，就不在模型中給予考慮^[2]^[3]。

強相互作用例子被提出作為解決超高能宇宙射線的問題^[4]^[5]，以及沒有冷卻流的星系星團（英语：Cooling flow）^[6]^[7]。

從1990年開始，各種實驗和觀測都對SIMP要成為暗物質產生了限制^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]。

SIMP的湮滅會產生巨大的熱量。DAMA實驗受限於使用的Nal(TI)晶體^[11]^{[來源請求]}。

測量天王星的能量過剩排除SIMP在150MeV至10⁴ GeV的可能^[14]。地球的熱流極大地限制了任何截面^[15]。

參考資料

^ Wandelt, Benjamin D; Dave, Romeel; Farrar, Glennys R; McGuire, Patrick C; Spergel, David N; Steinhardt, Paul J, Self-Interacting Dark Matter, 2000, arXiv:astro-ph/0006344 
^ Massey, Richard; et al, Dark matter dynamics in Abell 3827: new data consistent with standard Cold Dark Matter, 2017, arXiv:1708.04245  [astro-ph.CO]
^ Grossman, Lisa. Dark matter isn’t interacting with itself after all. ScienceNews. April 5, 2018 [2018-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-06）.
^ Chung, Daniel J. H; Farrar, Glennys R; Kolb, Edward W, Are ultrahigh energy cosmic rays signals of supersymmetry?, Physical Review D, 1997, 57 (8): 4606, Bibcode:1998PhRvD..57.4606C, arXiv:astro-ph/9707036  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.57.4606
^ Albuquerque, Ivone F. M; Farrar, Glennys R; Kolb, Edward W, Exotic massive hadrons and ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Physical Review D, 1998, 59 (1): 015021, Bibcode:1999PhRvD..59a5021A, arXiv:hep-ph/9805288  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.59.015021
^ Qin, Bo; Wu, Xiang-Ping, Constraints on the Interaction between Dark Matter and Baryons from Cooling Flow Clusters, Physical Review Letters, 2001, 87 (6): 061301, Bibcode:2001PhRvL..87f1301Q, arXiv:astro-ph/0106458  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.061301
^ Chuzhoy, Leonid; Nusser, Adi, Consequences of short range interactions between dark matter and protons in galaxy clusters, The Astrophysical Journal, 2004, 645 (2): 950–954, Bibcode:2006ApJ...645..950C, arXiv:astro-ph/0408184  , doi:10.1086/504505
^ Starkman, Glenn D; Gould, Andrew; Esmailzadeh, Rahim; Dimopoulos, Savas, Opening the window on strongly interacting dark matter, Physical Review D, 1990, 41 (12): 3594, Bibcode:1990PhRvD..41.3594S, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.41.3594
^ Cyburt, Richard H; Fields, Brian D; Pavlidou, Vasiliki; Wandelt, Benjamin D, Constraining Strong Baryon-Dark Matter Interactions with Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Cosmic Rays, Physical Review D, 2002, 65 (12): 123503, Bibcode:2002PhRvD..65l3503C, arXiv:astro-ph/0203240  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.65.123503 .
^ Zaharijas, Gabrijela; Farrar, Glennys R, A Window in the Dark Matter Exclusion Limits, Physical Review D, 2004, 72 (8): 083502, Bibcode:2005PhRvD..72h3502Z, arXiv:astro-ph/0406531  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.72.083502
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Bacci, C.; et al, Improved limits on strongly interacting massive particles with NaI(Tl) scintillators, Astroparticle Physics, 1996, 4 (3): 195–198, Bibcode:1996APh.....4..195B, doi:10.1016/0927-6505(95)00032-1
^ McGuire, Patrick C; Steinhardt, Paul J, Cracking Open the Window for Strongly Interacting Massive Particles as the Halo Dark Matter, Proceedings of the International Cosmic Ray Conference, Hamburg, Germany, 2001: 1566, Bibcode:2001ICRC....4.1566M, arXiv:astro-ph/0105567 
^ Javorsek II, D; Fischbach, E; Teplitz, V, New Experimental Bounds on the Contributions to the Cosmological Density Parameter Ω from Strongly Interacting Massive Particles, The Astrophysical Journal, 2002, 568: 1, Bibcode:2002ApJ...568....1J, doi:10.1086/338796
^ Mitra, Saibal, Uranus's anomalously low excess heat constrains strongly interacting dark matter, Physical Review D, 2004, 70 (10): 103517, Bibcode:2004PhRvD..70j3517M, arXiv:astro-ph/0408341  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.70.103517
^ Mack, Gregory D; Beacom, John F; Bertone, Gianfranco, Towards Closing the Window on Strongly Interacting Dark Matter: Far-Reaching Constraints from Earth's Heat Flow, Physical Review D, 2007, 76 (4): 043523, Bibcode:2007PhRvD..76d3523M, arXiv:0705.4298  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.76.043523

進階讀物

Bertone, Gianfranco. Particle Dark Matter: Observations, Models and Searches. Cambridge University Press. 2010: 762. ISBN 978-0-521-76368-4.
Sharpe, Dan. Exploring Composite Dark Matter with SIDM and CDM. 2017 [2018-06-16]. ISBN 1520306318. （原始内容存档于2018-01-22）.

[wand-1] Wandelt, Benjamin D; Dave, Romeel; Farrar, Glennys R; McGuire, Patrick C; Spergel, David N; Steinhardt, Paul J, Self-Interacting Dark Matter, 2000, arXiv:astro-ph/0006344 

[2] Massey, Richard; et al, Dark matter dynamics in Abell 3827: new data consistent with standard Cold Dark Matter, 2017, arXiv:1708.04245  [astro-ph.CO]

[3] Grossman, Lisa. Dark matter isn’t interacting with itself after all. ScienceNews. April 5, 2018 [2018-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-06）.

[chung-4] Chung, Daniel J. H; Farrar, Glennys R; Kolb, Edward W, Are ultrahigh energy cosmic rays signals of supersymmetry?, Physical Review D, 1997, 57 (8): 4606, Bibcode:1998PhRvD..57.4606C, arXiv:astro-ph/9707036  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.57.4606

[albq-5] Albuquerque, Ivone F. M; Farrar, Glennys R; Kolb, Edward W, Exotic massive hadrons and ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Physical Review D, 1998, 59 (1): 015021, Bibcode:1999PhRvD..59a5021A, arXiv:hep-ph/9805288  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.59.015021

[qin-6] Qin, Bo; Wu, Xiang-Ping, Constraints on the Interaction between Dark Matter and Baryons from Cooling Flow Clusters, Physical Review Letters, 2001, 87 (6): 061301, Bibcode:2001PhRvL..87f1301Q, arXiv:astro-ph/0106458  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.061301

[chuz-7] Chuzhoy, Leonid; Nusser, Adi, Consequences of short range interactions between dark matter and protons in galaxy clusters, The Astrophysical Journal, 2004, 645 (2): 950–954, Bibcode:2006ApJ...645..950C, arXiv:astro-ph/0408184  , doi:10.1086/504505

[stark-8] Starkman, Glenn D; Gould, Andrew; Esmailzadeh, Rahim; Dimopoulos, Savas, Opening the window on strongly interacting dark matter, Physical Review D, 1990, 41 (12): 3594, Bibcode:1990PhRvD..41.3594S, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.41.3594

[cyb-9] Cyburt, Richard H; Fields, Brian D; Pavlidou, Vasiliki; Wandelt, Benjamin D, Constraining Strong Baryon-Dark Matter Interactions with Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Cosmic Rays, Physical Review D, 2002, 65 (12): 123503, Bibcode:2002PhRvD..65l3503C, arXiv:astro-ph/0203240  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.65.123503 .

[zahar-10] Zaharijas, Gabrijela; Farrar, Glennys R, A Window in the Dark Matter Exclusion Limits, Physical Review D, 2004, 72 (8): 083502, Bibcode:2005PhRvD..72h3502Z, arXiv:astro-ph/0406531  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.72.083502

[wdn-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Bacci, C.; et al, Improved limits on strongly interacting massive particles with NaI(Tl) scintillators, Astroparticle Physics, 1996, 4 (3): 195–198, Bibcode:1996APh.....4..195B, doi:10.1016/0927-6505(95)00032-1

[mcgr-12] McGuire, Patrick C; Steinhardt, Paul J, Cracking Open the Window for Strongly Interacting Massive Particles as the Halo Dark Matter, Proceedings of the International Cosmic Ray Conference, Hamburg, Germany, 2001: 1566, Bibcode:2001ICRC....4.1566M, arXiv:astro-ph/0105567 

[javor-13] Javorsek II, D; Fischbach, E; Teplitz, V, New Experimental Bounds on the Contributions to the Cosmological Density Parameter Ω from Strongly Interacting Massive Particles, The Astrophysical Journal, 2002, 568: 1, Bibcode:2002ApJ...568....1J, doi:10.1086/338796

[mitr-14] Mitra, Saibal, Uranus's anomalously low excess heat constrains strongly interacting dark matter, Physical Review D, 2004, 70 (10): 103517, Bibcode:2004PhRvD..70j3517M, arXiv:astro-ph/0408341  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.70.103517

[15] Mack, Gregory D; Beacom, John F; Bertone, Gianfranco, Towards Closing the Window on Strongly Interacting Dark Matter: Far-Reaching Constraints from Earth's Heat Flow, Physical Review D, 2007, 76 (4): 043523, Bibcode:2007PhRvD..76d3523M, arXiv:0705.4298  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.76.043523

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強交互作用粒子

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參考資料

進階讀物