南海仲裁案的國際反應

南海仲裁案中,各国政府和一些国际组织对其或多或少地表达了看法,这涉及南中国海领土争端。这些国家和组织并不一定完全偏向某方,因为这关乎受争议地区的主权问题。

此图标示世界各国对于菲律宾控告中国案(南海仲裁案)的立场。
  中华人民共和国
  菲律宾共和国
  支持对话解决南海问题
  支持仲裁庭判决
  保持中立或立场有争议
  未表态

南海岛礁主权及海洋权益的声索方

中华民国

中华民国并没有被邀请参加仲裁案,台湾的大多数媒体对其评价甚低[1]。菲律宾方面认为,台方控制的太平岛不是岛屿而是礁石[2]。对此,中华民国前总统马英九对此予以反驳,认为菲律宾的看法完全错误[3]。中华民国政府邀请仲裁庭5个仲裁员和菲律宾方面到太平岛鉴识。菲律宾拒绝了邀请[4]

越南

2014年12月11日,越南政府表达了看法,宣示对该案的支持。越南当局提出三点:支持菲律宾的诉求;拒绝承认中国方面单方面提出的“九段线”要求;要求仲裁庭也关注帕拉塞尔群岛(中国称其为西沙群岛)的主权问题[5]

其它

文莱也对该案表达了关切,并也对南中国海问题提交过自己的主张[6]。2009年5月,马来西亚、越南,在国际海洋法法庭提出关于岛屿主权归属的诉讼,声称其拥有其相关的大陆架专属经济区。中华人民共和国拒绝接受,声称其违反“九段线”,主張應該完全依據《南海各方行為宣言》。菲律宾质疑马来西亚的主张,指出其与北婆罗洲产生英语North Borneo dispute重叠[7][8]

印尼认为中国声索主权的“岛屿”大部分为礁石,不能长时间露在水面上,所以认为中国的主张是完全没有根据的[7][9]

非仲裁案当事国政府立场

支持仲裁庭仲裁

支持对话谈判

摘要

2015年8月,印度外交國務部長V·K·辛格告诉记者,类似的领土争端应该通过和平手段解决,类似于印度和孟加拉国之间的领海争端通过《联合国海洋法》解决,呼吁各方应在《南海共同行为宣言》的基础下进行解决。[75]2015年10月,印度外交部长苏诗马·斯瓦拉吉在一份联合声明中表示,印度支持和平解决争端。和平手段应根据国际法原则,包括《联合国海洋法》。2016年4月,苏诗马·斯瓦拉吉在一份与中国、俄罗斯共同发表的一份公报中称,其支持在国际法基础上,根据海洋法公约,所有相关的争端应通过有关各方之间的谈判和协议解决。[47]这表明出印度支持中国和俄罗斯的信号。[76]

2016年4月13日,中国外交部部长王毅和斐济外交部部长伊诺凯·昆布安博拉英语Inoke Kubuabola共同发表了一个联合新闻稿。中国政府该新闻稿称斐济支持中国的主张,两国同意就双方的主权和海洋权益致力于通过和平手段解决让国际法公约得到尊重。[77]次日,斐济方面称斐济政府并没有支持过中国的主张[78]。2016年5月,中国外交部发言人华春莹声称,其为对中国立场表达支持的40个国家里的其中一个。[79]2016年6月,有报道称有60个国家支持中国的主张和立场。中国方面强调,七八个国家代表不了国际社会。[61][80]

韩国对该纠纷一直保持着沉默,一般认为其持中立态度。2015年东亚峰会期间,韩国总统朴槿惠表示,南中国海争端的有关各方应遵守《南海共同行为宣言》并依据国际法解决。“韩国一直强调争端必须根据国际协议和行为准则和平解决”“中国必须保证航行自由和飞行的权利”。[81][82]

马来西亚、新加坡和泰国派出了观察员参加诉讼过程。[83]

波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那[84][10][85]以及波兰拒绝支持任何主张[30][86][85]

区域集团

非洲联盟的一位副主席[谁?]支持中国的立场。[42]

阿拉伯国家联盟秘书长纳比勒·阿拉比说,阿拉伯国家支持中国维护国家主权和领土完整的立场。然而,阿拉伯国家联盟还强调,主权国家的解决方法和联合国海洋法公约的签署国一样,应得到尊重。[87]

欧洲联盟鼓励争端的各方能通过对话和合作寻求和平解决,并要依照国际法,尤其是涉及到联合国公约海洋法时[88]。欧盟外事发表声明称“欧盟期盼的是一个在国际法的原则下——特别是在联合国海洋法公约原则下的建立海洋秩序”[89]。欧盟还强调“中国应当尊重裁决结果”[90]

捷克陆军将军切赫·帕维尔说,北约尊崇“以规则为基础的国际体系”,并以此来解决国际争端。他补充说,“中国是一个签署了《海洋法公约》的国家,中国应该尊重规则。”[15],北约支持双方进行以政治和外交为基础的谈判,用“以规则为基础的国际体系”以及“和平的方式”解决“不和谐”[91]

上海合作组织秘书长拉希德·奥利莫夫明确声明“所有上海合作组织成员国支持中国为维护南海的和平与稳定进行努力。”该声明称与之有直接关系的国家应通过谈判和协商解决符合所有双边条约,在南海各方行为宣言谈判协商解决。声明还敦促所有人尊重“主权国家自行解决纠纷的方式”的权利,坚决反对外界介入到中国南海问题以及对争端国际化的尝试。[92]

学者分析

中国声称的“九段线”

  • 中国南海研究院高级研究员吴士存认为,中国对九段线内的领土主权声明早于海洋法公约半个世纪,根据国际法不溯过往的基本原则来看,现有国际法不能规定过去的事实存在[93]
  • 维多利亚大学法学部教授特德·麦克多曼认为,历史性水域不受海洋法公约规管。国际法院在1982年对突尼斯利比亚领海争议的判决中显示,「歷史性權利」由國際習慣法规定,海洋法公约没有约束性[94]
  • 国家安全法中心和海洋法与政策中心主任约翰·诺顿·摩尔说,中国的“九段线”声明是非法的,在现有海洋法中明禁此举。[95]他还认为,九段线实际上不利于中国的整体利益。他说:“如果全世界各国都效仿中国设立九段线这种做法宣称领土主权,那么这将损害中国在世界各地的利益。”[96]

菲律宾的声索

  • 中央兰开夏大学哈里斯国际法终身讲席教授邹克渊在他出版的新书中称,中国在南沙群岛(斯普拉特利群岛)的专属经济区权利被菲律宾刻意忽略,而控制方实际控制的陆地拥有其周围的海事管辖权。案件对专属经济区的判决含有水分,菲律宾以此获得其“微弱”的国际支援。[97]
  • 国立臺灣師範大學政治學研究所教授王冠雄认为,菲律宾的申诉书本身“可疑”。菲律宾在破坏该地区的稳定局势。[98]

判决结果

  • 国际法院前法官阿卜杜勒·科罗马英语Abdul Koroma指出,中国拒绝仲裁是正确的[99]
  • 德拉萨大学英语De La Salle University政治学助理教授,过去是菲律宾众议院政策顾问(2009- 2015年)的理查德·贾瓦德·海达里安说,中国的最终目的是获得对邻近海域的实际控制权。唯一的问题是:它能否以及如何实现这一目标。并且他认为,国际仲裁庭没有实际力量让中国接受仲裁结果[100]

参考文献

  1. ^ hueviet. Water source crucial in determining status of Itu Aba. 13 April 2016 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-26). 
  2. ^ Bulletin, The Manila. PH leaves ‘Taiping Island’ issue to UN. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-07). 
  3. ^ Taiping Island deserves exclusive economic zone: president - Politics - FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-10). 
  4. ^ Philippines rejects invitation to Taiping: Foreign Ministry. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-30). 
  5. ^ Bloomberg Business. Bloomberg. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-13). 
  6. ^ Brunei Darussalam's Preliminary Submission concerning the Outer Limits of its Continental Shelf (PDF). United Nations. [November 19, 2013]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-28). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Submissions to the Commission: Joint submission by Malaysia and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. May 3, 2011 [November 19, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-13). 
  8. ^ Wen Jiabao Holds Talks with Malaysian Prime Minister Najib页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). 中华人民共和国外交部
  9. ^ CLCS submissions and claims in the South China Sea, by Robert C. Beckman & Tara Davenport. SouthChinaSeaStudies.org. August 11, 2011 [November 19, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-06). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on Recent Developments in the South China Sea (新闻稿). Foreign affairs & international relations, Council of the EU. 2016-03-11 [2016-06-28]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-11). the EU urges all claimants [...] to pursue them in accordance with international law including UNCLOS and its arbitration procedures 
  11. ^ Ben Blanchard; Tim Kelly. China raps Australia foreign minister ahead of Beijing trip. Reuters. 16 Feb 2016 [28 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-06). We recognize the Philippines' right to seek to resolve the matter through arbitration 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 7 countries send observers to monitor PH case vs China. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 26 November 2015 [28 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-14). 
  13. ^ South China Sea (PDF) (新闻稿). Gaborone, Botswana: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Republic of Botswana. 17 Feb 2016 [28 June 2016]. [永久失效連結]
  14. ^ The Philippine Star - Headlines - 2014 - philstar.com. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-11). 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 NATO General Says China Should Respect Tribunal on Maritime Claim. 3 June 2016 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-23). 
  16. ^ Calonzo, Andreo. PHL, France to share intel, best practices vs. terrorism. GMA News. 26 February 2015 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-27). France also expressed support for the Philippines’ efforts to settle through international arbitration its territorial dispute with China over parts of the South China Sea, which Manila calls the West Philippine Sea. 
  17. ^ Germany backs Philippines’ position to settle territorial disputes peacefully. The Manila Times. Philippine News Agency. 20 September 2014 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2014年12月1日). 
  18. ^ Tiezzi, Shannon. In China, Germany's Merkel Talks Trade, Syria, and South China Sea. The Diplomat. [30 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-05). She [German Chancellor, Angela Merkel] called the disputes “a serious conflict” and gently offered her support for a legal solution: “I am always a bit surprised why in this case multinational courts should not be an option for a solution.” Merkel also emphasized Germany’s “wish that the sea trade routes stay free and safe, because they are important for all.” 
  19. ^ Romero, Alexis. Italy backs Philippines on UN arbitration over sea dispute. The Philippine Star. 4 December 2016 [26 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-08). 
  20. ^ Diola, Camille. Japan backs Philippines' legal move vs. China. The Philippine Star. 1 April 2014 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2017年1月11日). 
  21. ^ Murray McCully (New Zealand Minister of Foreign Affairs). Address to Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (演讲). Singapore. 9 Mar 2016 [28 Jun 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-22). We also support the role arbitration can play in resolving complex disputes and we support states’ rights to access dispute settlement mechanisms. [...] We expect all parties to respect the result of the Tribunal’s ruling. 
  22. ^ Spain to support PH in sea row. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 16 September 2014 [28 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-01). 
  23. ^ ABC News. International News - World News - ABC News. ABC News. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-20). 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 Rappler. PH vs China: Which countries support Beijing?. Rappler. July 9, 2016 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-14). 
  25. ^ Barack Obama. Remarks by President Obama at U.S.-ASEAN Press Conference (演讲). California, United States. 16 Feb 2016 [28 Jun 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-28). And we discussed how any disputes between claimants in the region must be resolved peacefully, through legal means, such as the upcoming arbitration ruling under the U.N. Convention of the Law of the Seas, which the parties are obligated to respect and abide by. 
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 存档副本. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-13). 
  27. ^ Angola Follows South China Sea Situation. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-06). 
  28. ^ Bodeen, Christopher. China: Afghanistan backs Beijing stance on South China Sea. WRAL.com (Capitol Broadcasting Company, Inc.). Associated Press. 16 May 2016 [23 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-17). 
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 Spotlight: Many Arab nations back China's stance on South China Sea. Xinhua. 14 May 2016 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-24). 
  30. ^ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Wang, Xu. Kazakhstan adds voice to growing support. China Daily USA. 29 April 2016 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-30). 
  31. ^ 31.0 31.1 Laos Sides with China in South China Sea Dispute. Breitbart. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-22). 
  32. ^ 32.0 32.1 China divides ASEAN in the South China Sea. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-24). 
  33. ^ 33.0 33.1 China praises Mozambique, Burundi, Slovenia for support on South China Sea. Xinhua. 19 May 2016 [25 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-23). 
  34. ^ CPP Backs PM on South China Sea. [29 June 2016]. 
  35. ^ 存档副本. [2016-06-28]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-30). 
  36. ^ IANS. Cambodia not to support decision over South China Sea issue: PM. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-02). 
  37. ^ South China Sea dispute: Cameroon calls for peaceful solution. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-18). 
  38. ^ Interview: Arab states praiseworthy for stance on South China Sea issue -- Chinese envoy - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-06). 
  39. ^ Republic of Congo calls for peaceful resolution of South China Sea dispute - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-20). 
  40. ^ Interview: Egypt backs peaceful solution to South China Sea issue: Foreign Ministry official_XinHua - Asia Pacific Daily – Breaking News, Asia Pacific, World, China, Business, Lifestyle, Travel, Special Report, Video, Photo…. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016年8月15日). 
  41. ^ 41.0 41.1 More countries support China's stance on South China Sea issue: FM - Shanghai Daily. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-07). 
  42. ^ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hong Lei's Regular Press Conference on June 6, 2016. [2016年7月12日]. (原始内容存档于2016年6月17日). 
  43. ^ Dozens of countries support China's stance on South China Sea: FM - CCTV News - CCTV.com English. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-14). 
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 44.2 China refutes Japanese media's South China Sea related reports - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-16). 
  45. ^ Gambia backs China on S.China Sea issues. Global Times. 26 April 2016 [23 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-26). 
  46. ^ 幫外媒數數:至少47國表態支持中國南海立場. Wen Wei Po. 22 June 2016 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-27). 
  47. ^ 47.0 47.1 Joint Communiqué of the 14th Meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the Russian Federation, the Republic of India and the People's Republic of China. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-04). 
  48. ^ Kazakhstan announced its position regarding territorial disputes in South China Sea. Kazinform. 29 April 2016 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-02). 
  49. ^ Kenya Backs China's Approach to South China Sea Disputes. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-17). 
  50. ^ Wang Yi Meets with Foreign Minister Erlan Abdyldaev of Kyrgyzstan. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-29). 
  51. ^ 51.0 51.1 China appreciates position of Vanuatu, Lesotho, Palestine on South China Sea issue - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-29). 
  52. ^ Government Expresses Its Position on Recent Developments in the South China Sea. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-21). 
  53. ^ 存档副本. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-22). 
  54. ^ Jianing, Yao. Malawian president supports China’s stance on South China Sea - China Military Online. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-22). 
  55. ^ Madagascar urges direct dialogue over South China Sea issue - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-09). 
  56. ^ Beijing lines up diplomatic battle groups over South China Sea. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-24). 
  57. ^ China and Pakistan Reach Consensus on South China Sea Issue. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China. 28 April 2016 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-29). 
  58. ^ PNG says respecting China's position on South China Sea - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-16). 
  59. ^ Russia urges solving South China Sea disputes through negotiations. Xinhua. 27 May 2016 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-28). 
  60. ^ China, Serbia call for settling South China Sea disputes by directly involved parties via negotiation - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-25). 
  61. ^ 61.0 61.1 China voices appreciation for support on South China Sea issue - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-18). 
  62. ^ South Africa backs Chinese stance on South China Sea dispute. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-25). 
  63. ^ GoSL reiterates its position on the disputed South China Sea. [29 June 2016]. [永久失效連結]
  64. ^ Sudan urges peaceful solution to conflicts in South China Sea. Xinhua. 28 May 2016 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-29). 
  65. ^ 瑞典政府針對南海仲裁結果發表聲明. [2016-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-11). 
  66. ^ 瑞典大使馆微信表示支持中国政府 该微信随后被删除
  67. ^ 存档副本. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-11). 
  68. ^ Radio Taiwan International - News - Taiwan rejects arbitration on South China Sea: Foreign ministry. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-15). 
  69. ^ Togo latest country to support China’s stand on South China Sea issue. Global Times (SINA Corporation). 19 May 2016 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-20). 
  70. ^ Uganda calls for peaceful resolution of South China Sea dispute - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-31). 
  71. ^ Vanuatu supports China’s proposition on South China Sea. Papua New Guinea Today. 26 May 2016 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-29). 
  72. ^ China says has wide support for stance on South China Sea case. Reuters. 12 May 2016 [29 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-21). 
  73. ^ 存档副本. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-21). 
  74. ^ Zimbabwe's Mugabe Supports China's Stance on South China Sea Issue: Official. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-23). 
  75. ^ India once again ticks of China over South China Sea issue. Firstpost. 8 August 2015 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-08). 
  76. ^ Sputnik. All for One: How Russia, China, India Will Solve South China Sea Dispute. 22 April 2016 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-04). 
  77. ^ 存档副本. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-24). 
  78. ^ Fiji doesn’t support China in maritime dispute. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-10). 
  79. ^ China says more than 40 countries support its stance on South China Sea dispute. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-08). 
  80. ^ 存档副本. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-18). 
  81. ^ South Korea and the South China Sea: A Domestic and International Balancing Act. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2018-05-07). 
  82. ^ Where does South Korea Stand on the South China Sea Dispute?. 2 July 2014 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-29). 
  83. ^ Mina Pollmann; The Diplomat. Amid South China Sea Tensions, Japan Strengthens Ties With Philippines, Vietnam. The Diplomat. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-23). 
  84. ^ Bosnia & Herzegovina Voices Support for China on South China Sea. CRIENGLISH.com. [23 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-12). 
  85. ^ 85.0 85.1 Page, Jeremy. Beijing’s Claims of South China Sea Support May Not Hold Water. The Wall Street Journal. 17 June 2016 [28 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-20). 
  86. ^ Wang Yi Holds Talks with Foreign Minister Witold Waszczykowski of Poland. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-04). 
  87. ^ Arab States Extend Support to China on Its South China Sea Policy Read more:. Sputnik News. 13 May 2016 [23 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-22). 
  88. ^ Philippines, EU show common stance on China. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-11). 
  89. ^ European Union sides with United States on South China Sea incident. 2015-10-31 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-24) –通过Reuters. 
  90. ^ Reuters. South China Sea: Britain says court of arbitration ruling must be binding. 2016-04-19 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-23). 
  91. ^ Nato has 'no legal platforms' to intervene militarily in South China Sea. [2016-07-13]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-07). 
  92. ^ 李珅. SCO supports peace and stability in South China Sea. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-26). 
  93. ^ Jingya, Zhang. Chinese scholar: China holds more solid claim - CCTV News - CCTV.com English. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-11). 
  94. ^ S. Jayakumar; Tommy Koh; Robert Beckman. The South China Sea Disputes and Law of the Sea. Edward Elgar Publishing. 29 August 2014: 152–153. ISBN 978-1-78347-727-2. 
  95. ^ UVA Law Professor John Norton Moore Explains South China Sea Controversy. [29 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-23). 
  96. ^ A CASE OF ROCKS OR ISLANDS? Examining the South China Sea Arbitration. Asia Maratime Transparency Initiative. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-23). 
  97. ^ Keyuan Zou. Law of the Sea in East Asia: Issues And Prospects. Psychology Press. January 2005 [2016-07-12]. ISBN 978-0-415-35074-7. (原始内容存档于2017-07-24). 
  98. ^ Kuan-Hsiung Wang. The Philippines’ Dubious Claims in South China Sea Arbitration. The Diplomat. January 26, 2016 [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-29). 
  99. ^ South China Sea tribunal has no legal validity-Eastday. english.eastday.com. [2016-08-24]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-30). 
  100. ^ THE BATTLE OF THE HAGUE: PHILIPPINES V. CHINA IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA. Asia Maratime Transparency Initiative. [2016-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-23). 

外部链接