冰島石

冰島石（英語：Icelandite）是一種火山岩，是一種富含鐵但缺乏鋁 (< 16.5% Al2O3) 的安山岩 ^[1]^[2]. 冰島岩的成分介於流紋英安岩和拉斑玄武岩之間，含有中長石、金輝石和輝石，二氧化矽 (SiO2) 含量大於 60% ^[3]。

冰島石是英國地質學家 Ian S. E. Carmichael（後來成為加州大學伯克利分校的教授）在 1960 年左右在冰島東Thingmuli (Þingmúli) 附近的一座新生代火山撰寫博士論文時創造的^[4]。對於大陸同生系列的火山岩，通常情況是鐵的濃度隨著二氧化矽含量的增加而降低，但在Þingmúli 的情況恰恰相反，這使 Carmichael 得出結論，富含鐵的中性岩名副其實，即冰島岩。

與鈣鹼性安山岩相比，冰島石的鐵含量高而鋁含量低^[5]，冰島石被指定為拉斑質岩漿系列。

參考文獻

^ Carmichael, Ian S. E., Francis J. Turner and John Verhoogen, 1974, Igneous Petrology, McGraw-Hill, p. 34 ISBN 0-07-009987-1
^ McBirney, Alexander R. (1984). Igneous petrology. San Francisco, Calif.: Freeman, Cooper. p. 500. ISBN 0198578105
^ MacDonald, Gordon Andrew, Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 128 ISBN 978-0-8248-0832-7
^ Carmichael, Ian S. E., The Mineralogy of Thingmuli, a Tertiary Volcano in Eastern Iceland, American Mineralogist, V. 52, Nov.-Dec. 1967, pp. 1815-1841
^ Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "icelandite". Glossary of geology (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. ISBN 0922152349.

[”1”-1] Carmichael, Ian S. E., Francis J. Turner and John Verhoogen, 1974, Igneous Petrology, McGraw-Hill, p. 34 ISBN 0-07-009987-1

[”2”-2] McBirney, Alexander R. (1984). Igneous petrology. San Francisco, Calif.: Freeman, Cooper. p. 500. ISBN 0198578105

[”3”-3] MacDonald, Gordon Andrew, Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 128 ISBN 978-0-8248-0832-7

[”4”-4] Carmichael, Ian S. E., The Mineralogy of Thingmuli, a Tertiary Volcano in Eastern Iceland, American Mineralogist, V. 52, Nov.-Dec. 1967, pp. 1815-1841

[”5”-5] Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "icelandite". Glossary of geology (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. ISBN 0922152349.

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