位點特異性重組

位點特異性重組（Site-specific recombination）是生物基因重組的一種機制，即兩段具有一定同源序列的DNA發生重組^[1]^[2]^[3]，此過程中兩段DNA序列會發先發生聯會，位點特異性重組酶（英语：Recombinase）（SSR）會與DNA結合，切割兩段DNA後促進酯交換反應，使一段DNA與另一段DNA連接-而形成霍利迪交叉，再進行第二次切割而得到重組過的兩段DNA^[4]^[5]。重組酶可分為酪胺酸重組酶（如Cre重組酶（英语：Cre recombinase）與FLP重組酶（英语：FLP-FRT recombination））與絲胺酸重組酶（如γδ解離酶與Tn3解離酶（英语：Tn3 transposon））兩大類，兩者結構與詳細反應機理均不同^[6]^[7]，前者僅分別切割兩段DNA的一股，後者則將兩段共4股DNA都切割^[8]。

位點特異性重組的特異性很高^[9]，在DNA複製與可動遺傳因子插入等過程中會發生^[10]，也被用作基因工程的一項技術^[11]。此重組依重複片段的排列狀況可能有整合、切除與倒位三種結果，兩段不同DNA間的位點特異性重組可造成一段DNA被整合進另一段DNA中，同DNA中兩段同向序列的位點特異性重組可造成中間的序列被移除，而兩段反向序列的位點特異性重組則可造成中間序列倒位^[12]。

參見

位點特異性重組技術（英语：Site-specific recombinase technology）
Cre-Lox重組
FLP-FRT重組（英语：FLP-FRT recombination）
重组酶介导的盒式交换（英语：recombinase-mediated cassette exchange）（RMCE）

參考文獻

^ Bode, J; Schlake, T; asadasasada Iber, M; Schuebeler, D; Seibler, J; Snezhkov, E; Nikolaev, L. The transgeneticist's toolbox: novel methods for the targeted modification of eukaryotic genomes. Biol. Chem. 2000, 381 (9–10): 801–813. PMID 11076013. doi:10.1515/BC.2000.103.
^ Kolb, A.F. Genome Engineering Using Site-Specific Recombinases. Cloning & Stem Cells. 2002, 4 (1): 65–80. PMID 12006158. doi:10.1089/153623002753632066.
^ Coates, C.J.; Kaminski, JM; Summers, JB; Segal, DJ; Miller, AD; Kolb, AF. Site-directed genome modification: derivatives of BAL-modifying enzymes as targeting tools (PDF). Trends in Biotechnology. 2005, 23 (8): 407–19. PMID 15993503. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.06.009. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-08-29）.
^ Van Duyne, G.D. A structural view of tyrosine recombinase site-specific recombination. Mobile DNA II. ASM Press. 2002: 93–117.
^ Holliday, R. A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi (PDF). Genetics Research. 1964, 5 (2): 282–304 [2021-05-07]. doi:10.1017/S0016672300001233. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-05-21）.
^ Abdel-Meguid, S.S.; Grindley, N.D.; Templeton, N.S.; Steitz, T.A. Cleavage of the site-specific recombination protein gamma delta resolvase: the smaller of two fragments binds DNA specifically. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. April 1984, 81 (7): 2001–5. Bibcode:1984PNAS...81.2001A. PMC 345424  . PMID 6326096. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.7.2001.
^ Yang, W.; Steitz, T.A. Crystal structure of the site-specific recombinase gamma delta resolvase complexed with a 34 bp cleavage site. Cell. 1995, 82 (2): 193–207. PMID 7628011. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90307-0.
^ Stark, W.M.; Boocock, M.R.; Sherratt, DJ. Catalysis by site-specific recombinases. Trends in Genetics. 1992, 8 (12): 432–9. PMID 1337225. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(92)90327-Z.
^ Sauer, B. Inducible Gene Targeting in Mice Using the Cre/loxSystem (PDF). Methods. 1998, 14 (4): 381–92. PMID 9608509. doi:10.1006/meth.1998.0593. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-11）.
^ Nash, H. A. (1996). Site-specific recombination: integration, excision, resolution, and inversion of defined DNA segments. Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology, 2, pp. 2363–2376.
^ Akopian, A.; Stark, W.M. Site-Specific DNA Recombinases as Instruments for Genomic Surgery. Advances in Genetics 55. 2005: 1–23. ISBN 978-0-12-017655-7. PMID 16291210. doi:10.1016/S0065-2660(05)55001-6.
^ Grindley ND, Whiteson KL, Rice PA. Mechanisms of site-specific recombination.. Annu Rev Biochem. 2006, 75: 567–605. PMID 16756503. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073908.

[1] Bode, J; Schlake, T; asadasasada Iber, M; Schuebeler, D; Seibler, J; Snezhkov, E; Nikolaev, L. The transgeneticist's toolbox: novel methods for the targeted modification of eukaryotic genomes. Biol. Chem. 2000, 381 (9–10): 801–813. PMID 11076013. doi:10.1515/BC.2000.103.

[Kolb2002-2] Kolb, A.F. Genome Engineering Using Site-Specific Recombinases. Cloning & Stem Cells. 2002, 4 (1): 65–80. PMID 12006158. doi:10.1089/153623002753632066.

[Coates2005a-3] Coates, C.J.; Kaminski, JM; Summers, JB; Segal, DJ; Miller, AD; Kolb, AF. Site-directed genome modification: derivatives of BAL-modifying enzymes as targeting tools (PDF). Trends in Biotechnology. 2005, 23 (8): 407–19. PMID 15993503. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.06.009. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-08-29）.

[VanDuyne-4] Van Duyne, G.D. A structural view of tyrosine recombinase site-specific recombination. Mobile DNA II. ASM Press. 2002: 93–117.

[Holliday1964-5] Holliday, R. A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi (PDF). Genetics Research. 1964, 5 (2): 282–304 [2021-05-07]. doi:10.1017/S0016672300001233. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-05-21）.

[Abdel-Meguid1984-6] Abdel-Meguid, S.S.; Grindley, N.D.; Templeton, N.S.; Steitz, T.A. Cleavage of the site-specific recombination protein gamma delta resolvase: the smaller of two fragments binds DNA specifically. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. April 1984, 81 (7): 2001–5. Bibcode:1984PNAS...81.2001A. PMC 345424  . PMID 6326096. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.7.2001.

[Yang1995-7] Yang, W.; Steitz, T.A. Crystal structure of the site-specific recombinase gamma delta resolvase complexed with a 34 bp cleavage site. Cell. 1995, 82 (2): 193–207. PMID 7628011. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90307-0.

[Stark1992-8] Stark, W.M.; Boocock, M.R.; Sherratt, DJ. Catalysis by site-specific recombinases. Trends in Genetics. 1992, 8 (12): 432–9. PMID 1337225. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(92)90327-Z.

[Sauer1998-9] Sauer, B. Inducible Gene Targeting in Mice Using the Cre/loxSystem (PDF). Methods. 1998, 14 (4): 381–92. PMID 9608509. doi:10.1006/meth.1998.0593. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-11）.

[10] Nash, H. A. (1996). Site-specific recombination: integration, excision, resolution, and inversion of defined DNA segments. Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology, 2, pp. 2363–2376.

[Akopian2005-11] Akopian, A.; Stark, W.M. Site-Specific DNA Recombinases as Instruments for Genomic Surgery. Advances in Genetics 55. 2005: 1–23. ISBN 978-0-12-017655-7. PMID 16291210. doi:10.1016/S0065-2660(05)55001-6.

[pmid16756503-12] Grindley ND, Whiteson KL, Rice PA. Mechanisms of site-specific recombination.. Annu Rev Biochem. 2006, 75: 567–605. PMID 16756503. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073908.

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