休訥堡
休訥堡(德語:Heuneburg)是史前凱爾特人的山堡遺跡,位於多瑙河畔,位於德國南部巴登-符騰堡州烏爾姆和西格馬林根之間,靠近赫伯廷根的洪德辛根,靠近現代瑞士和奧地利邊境。它被認為是中歐最重要的早期凱爾特人中心之一,特別是在鐵器時代哈爾施塔特文化時期。除了堅固的城堡外,還有大量跨越幾個世紀的定居點和墓地遺跡。
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/La_cit%C3%A9_de_Heuneburg._en_600_avant_notre_%C3%A8re._Reconstitution.jpg/220px-La_cit%C3%A9_de_Heuneburg._en_600_avant_notre_%C3%A8re._Reconstitution.jpg)
堅固的城堡尺寸約為300x150m。它矗立在一座地理位置優越的山脊上,陡峭地聳立在多瑙河上方40公尺。它位於肥沃的河流平原中心,周圍是起伏的丘陵地區[1]。在鐵器時代,霍恩堡被認為控制了超過1,000平方公里(390平方英里)的周邊地區,包括其他山頂定居點、小村莊、村莊、道路、墓地以及邪教或聚會場所[2]。
參考
- ^ Krause, Dirk; Fernández-Götz, Manuel. Heuneburg: First city north of the Alps. Current World Archaeology. 2012, 55: 28–34 [2024-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-10).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Krause, Dirk. Earliest town north of the Alps. New excavations and research in the Heuneburg region. Zamboni, Lorenzo (编). Crossing the Alps. Sidestone Press. 2020: 299–314 [2024-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-15).
Recent excavations indicate that the Heuneburg controlled an area of over 1,000 km² with cemeteries, further hilltop settlements, hamlets, villages, roads and cult or gathering places. It was not only the Heuneburg itself that must have formed an architectonically impressive agglomeration. Consequently, the polis Pyrene stands for this whole system, not just the hillfort of the Heuneburg.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Heuneburg - Celtic city of Pyrene. heuneburg-pyrene.de. [2024-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2024-06-16).
- ^ Heuneburg: Celtic town in Upper Swabia (PDF). [2024-03-14]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-05-31).