乙型流感病毒

正黏病毒科的一属病毒
(重定向自乙型流感

乙型流感病毒(英文:Influenza B virus)是一种流感病毒,為正黏液病毒科乙型流感病毒屬下的一種(學名:Betainfluenzavirus),可引起流行性感冒[4]乙型流感病毒只感染人和鳍足类动物(比如海豹),因此乙型流感病毒并未造成如甲型流感病毒所致的各种流感大流行[5]虽然都会发生基因重排抗原漂移,但乙型流感病毒在人群中的演化速率要低于甲型流感病毒(低2-3倍,但高于丙型流感病毒的演化速率)。[6][7][8]尽管如此,乙型流感病毒依然可在世界范围内造成巨大伤亡,尤其是对青少年和儿童。

乙型流感病毒
乙型流感病毒的病毒結構
病毒分類 编辑
(未分级) 病毒 Virus
域: 核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界: 正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门: 負核糖病毒門 Negarnaviricota
纲: 泛流感病毒纲 Insthoviricetes
目: 分节段病毒目 Articulavirales
科: 正黏液病毒科 Orthomyxoviridae
属: 乙型流行性感冒病毒屬 Betainfluenzavirus
种:
乙型流感病毒 Influenza B virus
異名
物種
  • Influenza type B virus[1]
  • Influenza virus B[2]
  • Influenzavirus B[3]

乙型流感病毒的基因序列含有14,548个核苷酸,分为8个单链RNA片段。[4]依据其表面糖蛋白血球凝集素抗原特性,流行的乙型流感病毒有两个分支:B/Yamagata/16/88-型病毒,以及 B/Victoria/2/87-型病毒[9][10],其中B/Yamagata毒株可能已在COVID-19大流行后消失[11][12]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ ICTV 2nd Report Fenner, F. (1976). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Second report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Intervirology 7: 1-115. p57 https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%202nd%20Report.pdf页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ ICTV 6th Report Murphy, F. A., Fauquet, C. M., Bishop, D. H. L., Ghabrial, S. A., Jarvis, A. W. Martelli, G. P. Mayo, M. A. & Summers, M. D.(eds)(1995). Virus Taxonomy. Sixthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement 10, p297 https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ Smith, Gavin JD; et al. Changing individual genus and species names in the family Orthomyxoviridae. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). 8 June 2017 [22 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-19) (英语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Complete genomes: Betainfluenzavirus. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [2021-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-24). 
  5. ^ Osterhaus AD, Rimmelzwaan GF, Martina BE, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RA. Influenza B virus in seals. Science. 2000, 288 (5468): 1051–53. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1051O. PMID 10807575. doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1051. 
  6. ^ Hay AJ, Gregory V, Douglas AR, Lin YP. The evolution of human influenza viruses. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2001, 356 (1416): 1861–70. PMC 1088562 . PMID 11779385. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0999. 
  7. ^ Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Takashita E, Muraki Y, Hongo S, Katsushima N, Mizuta K, Nishimura H. Genetic diversity of influenza B virus: The frequent reassortment and cocirculation of the genetically distinct reassortant viruses in a community. J. Med. Virol. 2004, 74 (1): 132–40. PMID 15258979. doi:10.1002/jmv.20156. 
  8. ^ Lindstrom SE, Hiromoto Y, Nishimura H, Saito T, Nerome R, Nerome K. Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Mechanisms of the Hemagglutinin and Three Internal Protein Genes of Influenza B Virus: Multiple Cocirculating Lineages and Frequent Reassortment of the NP, M, and NS Genes. J. Virol. 1999, 73 (5): 4413–26. PMC 104222 . PMID 10196339. doi:10.1128/JVI.73.5.4413-4426.1999. 
  9. ^ Biere, Barbara; Bauer, Bettina; Schweiger, Brunhilde. Differentiation of Influenza B Virus Lineages Yamagata and Victoria by Real-Time PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2010-04-01, 48 (4): 1425–1427 [2021-01-06]. ISSN 0095-1137. PMID 20107085. doi:10.1128/JCM.02116-09. (原始内容存档于2021-04-15) (英语). 
  10. ^ 季节性流感. 世界卫生组织. [2021-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-22) (中文). 
  11. ^ Alhoufie, Sari T.; Alsharif, Naif H.; Alfarouk, Khalid O.; Ibrahim, Nadier A.; Kheyami, Ali M.; Aljifri, Alanoud A. COVID-19 with underdiagnosed influenza B and parainfluenza-2 co-infections in Saudi Arabia: Two case reports. Journal of Infection and Public Health. November 2021, 14 (11): 1567–1570. PMC 8442300 . PMID 34627054. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.005. 
  12. ^ Koutsakos, Marios; Wheatley, Adam K.; Laurie, Karen; Kent, Stephen J.; Rockman, Steve. Influenza lineage extinction during the COVID-19 pandemic?. Nature Reviews Microbiology. December 2021, 19 (12): 741–742. PMC 8477979 . PMID 34584246. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00642-4.