膦甲酸
Foscarnet (膦甲酸),商品名Foscavir,是一种抗病毒药物,主要用于治療疱疹病毒科的病毒感染,屬於焦磷酸類似物DNA聚合酶抑制劑。[3] [4]膦甲酸是化学式HO2CPO3H2 (膦酰甲酸三钠)的化合物的共軛鹼。 [5] [6]
臨床資料 | |
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商品名 | Foscavir, Vocarvi, others |
其他名稱 | phosphonomethanoic acid, dihydroxyphosphinecarboxylic acid oxide |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601144 |
核准狀況 | |
懷孕分級 |
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给药途径 | Intravenous |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 |
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藥物動力學數據 | |
生物利用度 | NA |
血漿蛋白結合率 | 14–17% |
生物半衰期 | 3.3–6.8 hours |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 4428-95-9 |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | CH3O5P |
摩尔质量 | 126.00 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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膦甲酸于1991年經核准用於醫療用途。[7]
醫療用途
膦甲酸鈉鹽商品名为 Foscavir,可用於治療疱疹病毒感染,包括抗藥性巨细胞病毒(CMV) 和 第1 型與第 2 型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1 和 HSV- 2),尤其是使用於治療巨細胞病毒導致的視網膜炎。也可嘗試治療曾接受過多種治療的人類免疫缺陷病毒患者。 [8] [9] [10]
作用機轉
膦甲酸是焦磷酸鹽陰離子的結構類似物,在未達影響人類DNA 聚合酶的濃度下,即可抑制病毒毒 DNA 聚合酶上的焦磷酸鹽結合處。 [11]
在接受阿昔洛韦或更昔洛韦這類 DNA 聚合酶抑制劑治療的病人,HSV 或 CMV 等病毒的蛋白激酶(分别是胸苷激酶或 UL97 蛋白激酶)可能發生突變而對這類抗病毒藥物產生抗藥性。 [12] [13]然而,與阿昔洛韦和更昔洛韦不同之處,膦甲酸作用過程中不須被病毒的蛋白激酶活化,因此可用于治療對阿昔洛韦或更昔洛韦發生抗藥性 HSV 和 CMV 感染。 [5]
給藥途徑
膦甲酸經由静脈輸注或直接注射於眼球玻璃體内。
副作用
参考資料
- ^ Regulatory Decision Summary - Vocarvi. Health Canada. 23 October 2014 [4 June 2022].
- ^ Foscavir- foscarnet sodium injection, solution. DailyMed. 23 April 2020 [6 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-26).
- ^ Wagstaff, Antona J.; Bryson, Harriet M. Foscarnet. Drugs. 1994-08-01, 48 (2): 199–226. ISSN 1179-1950. PMID 7527325. doi:10.2165/00003495-199448020-00007 (英语).
- ^ Chrisp, Paul; Clissold, Stephen P. Foscarnet. Drugs. 1991-01-01, 41 (1): 104–129. ISSN 1179-1950. PMID 1706982. doi:10.2165/00003495-199141010-00009 (英语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Garikapati, Sriram; Nguyen, Minhthao, Foscarnet, StatPearls (Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing), 2022 [2022-04-04], PMID 32310568, (原始内容存档于2023-05-18)
- ^ phosphonoformic acid (CHEBI:127780). www.ebi.ac.uk. [2022-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04).
- ^ Long, Sarah S.; Pickering, Larry K.; Prober, Charles G. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 1502 [2023-06-29]. ISBN 978-1437727029. (原始内容存档于2023-01-10) (英语).
- ^ Canestri A, Ghosn J, Wirden M, et al. Foscarnet salvage therapy for patients with late-stage HIV disease and multiple drug resistance. Antivir. Ther. (Lond.). 2006, 11 (5): 561–6. PMID 16964823. S2CID 24905247. doi:10.1177/135965350601100501 .
- ^ Mathiesen S, Dam E, Roge B, et al. Long-term foscarnet therapy remodels thymidine analogue mutations and alters resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine in HIV-1. Antivir. Ther. (Lond.). 2007, 12 (3): 335–43. PMID 17591023. S2CID 19856772. doi:10.1177/135965350701200310 .
- ^ Meyer PR, Rutvisuttinunt W, Matsuura SE, So AG, Scott WA. Stable complexes formed by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at distinct positions on the primer-template controlled by binding deoxynucleoside triphosphates or foscarnet. J. Mol. Biol. 2007, 369 (1): 41–54. PMC 1986715 . PMID 17400246. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.03.006.
- ^ Meyer PR, Rutvisuttinunt W, Matsuura SE, So AG, Scott WA. Stable complexes formed by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at distinct positions on the primer-template controlled by binding deoxynucleoside triphosphates or foscarnet. J. Mol. Biol. May 2007, 369 (1): 41–54. PMC 1986715 . PMID 17400246. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.03.006.
- ^ Chou, Sunwen. Cytomegalovirus UL97 mutations in the era of ganciclovir and maribavir. Reviews in Medical Virology. July 2008, 18 (4): 233–246 [2023-06-29]. ISSN 1052-9276. PMID 18383425. S2CID 42775774. doi:10.1002/rmv.574. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04).
- ^ Frobert, E.; Ooka, T.; Cortay, J. C.; Lina, B.; Thouvenot, D.; Morfin, F. Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Mutations Associated with Resistance to Acyclovir: a Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. March 2005, 49 (3): 1055–1059. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 549244 . PMID 15728902. doi:10.1128/aac.49.3.1055-1059.2005.
- ^ Bonnafous P, Naesens L, Petrella S, et al. Different mutations in the HHV-6 DNA polymerase gene accounting for resistance to foscarnet. Antivir. Ther. (Lond.). 2007, 12 (6): 877–88. PMID 17926642. S2CID 24584000. doi:10.1177/135965350701200608 .
- ^ Tchesnokov EP, Gilbert C, Boivin G, Götte M. Role of helix P of the human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase in resistance and hypersusceptibility to the antiviral drug foscarnet. J. Virol. February 2006, 80 (3): 1440–50. PMC 1346920 . PMID 16415021. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1440-1450.2006.
- ^ Ota, Ryosuke; Hirata, Atsushi; Noto, Keisuke; Yokoyama, Satoshi; Hosomi, Kouichi; Takada, Mitsutaka; Matsuoka, Hiroshi. Relationship between serum calcium and creatinine in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients treated with foscarnet. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. May 2020, 58 (5): 274–281 [2023-06-29]. ISSN 0946-1965. PMID 32101522. S2CID 211537187. doi:10.5414/CP203650. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04).
- ^ 藥學雜誌電子報97期. jtp.taiwan-pharma.org.tw. [2023-06-29]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-29).
- ^ 18.0 18.1 Jacobson, M A. Review of the toxicities of foscarnet. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 1992-01-01,. 5 Suppl 1: S11–7. ISSN 0894-9255. PMID 1534839.
- ^ Gearhart, Maureen O.; Sorg, Timothy B. Foscarnet-Induced Severe Hypomagnesemia and other Electrolyte Disorders. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. March 1993, 27 (3): 285–289 [2023-06-29]. ISSN 1060-0280. PMID 8384030. S2CID 37250222. doi:10.1177/106002809302700304. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04).
- ^ 20.0 20.1 Zareifopoulos, Nicholas; Lagadinou, Maria; Karela, Anastasia; Kyriakopoulou, Ourania; Velissaris, Dimitrios. Neuropsychiatric Effects of Antiviral Drugs. Cureus. 2020-08-03, 12 (8): e9536 [2023-06-29]. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 7465925 . PMID 32905132. doi:10.7759/cureus.9536. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04) (英语).
- ^ Adalsteinsson, Jonas A.; Pan, Michael; Kaushik, Shivani; Ungar, Jonathan. Foscarnet-induced genital lesions: An overview with a case report. Dermatology Reports. 2018-06-20, 10 (1): 7749. ISSN 2036-7392. PMC 6026811 . PMID 29991980. doi:10.4081/dr.2018.7749.