意大利—德国1936年10月23日协定

意大利—德国1936年10月23日协定是法西斯義大利与納粹德國在1936年10月23日于柏林签订了一份九点协定^[1]。双方签约代表是意大利外交大臣加莱阿佐·齐亚诺和德国外交部长康斯坦丁·馮·諾伊拉特。^[1]同样是在1936年10月23日，德国和日本在柏林起草了反共產國際協定。^[2]

协定以德意双语起草，所有段落均有一段德语版，一段意语版。签约后，双方未公开协定内容^[2]。双方讨论的最主要问题是西班牙内战，该问题也是当时德意两国间唯一存在积极合作的事务^[3]^[4]。德方同意承认意大利对埃塞俄比亚的征服，意方则同意支持德国收复在一战后失去的殖民地^[5]。意方还接受了1936年7月11日签订的德奥七月协定。^[3]

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Reinhard Stumpf, "From the Berlin–Rome Axis to the Military Agreement of the Tripartite Pact: The Sequence of Treaties from 1936 to 1942", in Germany and the Second World War, Vol. VI: The Global War – Widening of the Conflict into a World War and the Shift of the Initiative 1941–1943 (Clarendon Press, 2001), pp. 144–160, at 146.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–1945, Series C (1933–1937), The Third Reich: First Phase, Volume V (March 5–October 31, 1936) (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1966), pp. 1136–1140, s.v. no. 624 ("German-Italian Protocol").
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Christian Goeschel, Mussolini and Hitler: The Forging of the Fascist Alliance (Yale University Press, 2018), pp. 69–70.
^ Frederick R. Zuber, Italy, Austria and the Anschluss: Italian Involvement in Austrian Political and Diplomatic Affairs, 1928–1938 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, MA thesis (Rice University, 1973), pp. 79–81.
^ G. Bruce Strang, In Dubious Battle: Mussolini's Mentalité and Italian Foreign Policy, 1936–1939 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, PhD diss. (McMaster University, 2000), p. 74.

[Stumpf-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Reinhard Stumpf, "From the Berlin–Rome Axis to the Military Agreement of the Tripartite Pact: The Sequence of Treaties from 1936 to 1942", in Germany and the Second World War, Vol. VI: The Global War – Widening of the Conflict into a World War and the Shift of the Initiative 1941–1943 (Clarendon Press, 2001), pp. 144–160, at 146.

[no624-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–1945, Series C (1933–1937), The Third Reich: First Phase, Volume V (March 5–October 31, 1936) (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1966), pp. 1136–1140, s.v. no. 624 ("German-Italian Protocol").

[Goeschel-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Christian Goeschel, Mussolini and Hitler: The Forging of the Fascist Alliance (Yale University Press, 2018), pp. 69–70.

[Zuber-4] Frederick R. Zuber, Italy, Austria and the Anschluss: Italian Involvement in Austrian Political and Diplomatic Affairs, 1928–1938 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, MA thesis (Rice University, 1973), pp. 79–81.

[Strang-5] G. Bruce Strang, In Dubious Battle: Mussolini's Mentalité and Italian Foreign Policy, 1936–1939 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, PhD diss. (McMaster University, 2000), p. 74.

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